Directional Terms continued
• Internal (central)
– Toward or in interior
• Ipsilateral
– On same side of body
• External (peripheral)
– Toward or on exterior
• Contralateral
– On opposite side of body
Basic Joint Actions
• Flexion
– Making a
decrease in
angle
• Extension
– Making an
increase in
angle
Basic Joint Actions
• Abduction (ABD)
– Moving away from midline
of the body
– To “take away”
• Adduction (ADD)
– Moving towards the
midline of body
– To “add”
Shoulder Hip
Finger
Basic Joint Actions
• Supination
– Rotating hand/forearm
laterally
– “hold the soup”
• Pronation
– Rotating hand/forearm
medially
– “pour the soup”
Basic Joint Actions
• Plantarflexion
– Point toes/foot
downward
– “stand on tip toes”
• Dorsiflexion
– Point toes/foot upward
– “foot off the gas pedal”
Basic Joint Actions
• Inversion
– Movement of sole of
foot inward
• Eversion
– Movement of sole of
foot outward
Basic Joint Actions
• Medial (Internal) Rotation
– Anterior surface moves
toward midline
• Lateral (External) Rotation
– Anterior surface moves
away from midline
Basic Joint Actions
• Protraction
– Moving forward on
plane parallel to ground
– “punch”
• Retraction
– Moving backward on
plane parallel to ground
– “start lawn mower”
Basic Joint Actions
• Upward Rotation
– Inferior angle
• Downward Rotation
• Elevation
– To move upwards
• Depression
– To move downwards
Basic Joint Actions
• Radial Deviation (ABD)
– Move wrist outwards or
away from midline of
body
– Deviate towards radius
• Ulnar Deviation (ADD)
– Move wrist inwards or
towards the midline of
body
– Deviate towards ulna
Radius Ulna
Basic Joint Actions
• Circumduction
– Latin meaning “around”
– Combination of
flexion/extension and
abduction/adduction
lithotomy position .
A supine position in which the
hips and knees are fully flexed
with the legs spread apart and
raised and the feet resting in
straps. Also called dorsosacral
position.
• The lithotomy position is
a medical term referring to a
common position for surgical
procedures
and medical examinations
involving the pelvis and lower
abdomen, as well as a
common position for
childbirth in Western nations.
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